Predict Wi-Fi performance and plan your wireless LAN
The site survey is an approximation, but is the best we can do
By Craig J. Mathias, Farpoint Group | Computerworld UK | Published: 10:37, 19 September 2008
Whenever I plan and configure an enterprise WLAN system, I always advise that an additional 10 percent to 20 percent of the capital budget be reserved for expansion and filling in holes in coverage or capacity that couldn't be anticipated during the planning process.
A statistical medium like wireless suffers a fundamental uncertainty (not, as some say, unreliability - the air doesn't break), which practically dictates this strategy. This may be disconcerting, but wouldn't it be great if we could more accurately (if not precisely) predict radio performance, coverage, throughput and other factors in advance for any given installation?
The standard technique for Wi-Fi planning and deployment is the site survey, a decidedly practical approach to dealing with the uncertainty inherent in wireless. The basic idea is to turn on an access point (AP), place it somewhere in the area to be covered and measure the signal strength at various locations. It's a time-consuming and often expensive process, as professionals are involved, and it unfortunately has a serious flaw: site surveys only consider coverage, and not capacity.
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We'll come back to this point. But, for the moment, wouldn't it be great to replace this trial-and-error with something a little more analytical, and perhaps even less expensive in the bargain?
A number of WLAN system vendors do include fairly robust planning tools in their repertoire. The general procedure for using these tools is to import an AutoCAD (.dxf) or similar file of each floor of one's building into the planning tool (note: this drawing will be used later for management and operations anyway). Then you fill in the parameters that the particular tool requires.
These usually include such elements as building construction properties, for instance estimates of the radio behaviour of walls, doors and other physical elements, and an indication of the type and amount of traffic in a given area. The math involved here is, of course, extremely complex, and, again, we're still dealing with statistics. While these tools will usually produce very pretty output (including bills of material and other information for the installers), showing exactly where APs should be placed, it is fair to ask how accurate this radio simulation really is.
